Miya 

Syllabus: GS Paper-2-Polity 

Why in News? 

  Assam Chief Minister has blamed Miyas for price hike

 Miya:

· They are the descendants of the Muslim Migrants from Bangladesh to Assam. 

 · They referred as Miyas in a derogatory manner

 · They were migrated into India several times.

 · They had migrated for the first time in 1826 because of the British annexation of Assam.

 · It was continued during the partition and also in 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.

 · It had resulted in the demographic changes in the region. 

 Char-Chaporis:

· These are the areas associated with Migrant Muslims of Bengali origin which includes Miyas.

 · Char means floating island whereas chapori represents low-lying-flood-prone riverbanks.

 · These areas are prone to flood and erosion. 

 · 80% of the char population are living below the poverty line.

CPTPP

Syllabus: GS Paper-2-International Relations 

Why in News?

U.K has signed a treaty to join the CPTPP.

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership:

· In 2005, a trade agreement was held between the small group of Pacific Rim Countries.

 · The trade agreement was held between the countries of Brunei, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore

· It led to the formation of Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) with 12 nations.

 · The U.S has withdrawn from TPP in the year 2017. 

 · Then the remaining 11 countries known as TPP-11 led to the formation of CPTPP.

 · CPTPP was formed in the year 2018 with 11 countries. They are: 

 1. Australia

 2. Brunei 

 3. Canada

 4. Chile 

 5. Japan 

 6. Malaysia 

 7. Mexico 

 8. New Zealand 

 9. Peru 

 10. Singapore 

 11. Vietnam

 · With the entry of U.K, the CPTPP has become 12 member countries.

 Significance: 

· It removes 99% of tariffs on goods and services.

 · It has commitments to combat the wildlife trafficking and prevent the environmental abuses.

 · All countries of CPTPP except APEC are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Entamoeba Moshkovskii 

 Syllabus: GS Paper-3-Science & Technology 

 Why in News? 

 · The Entamoeba Moshkovskii has been causing diarrhoea in the Eastern India.

 · The National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases found that E. Moshkovskii has turned pathogenic in the recent years 

 · E. Histolytica which used to be the predominant amoeba pathogen that cause amoebiasis has been decreasing and the E. Moshkovskii has been replacing the place.

  About:

 · It is a part of the genus Entamoeba which is a parasite.

 · It can be found in the areas of polluted water resources.

 · It used to rarely infect humans but it has changed now. 

 Symptoms: 

 · Diarrhoea

 · Weight loss

 · Bloody stool 

 · Abdominal Pain 

 Entamoeba Histolytica: 

 · It is the third-leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to the parasitic diseases in humans.

 · It causes amoebiasis which is prevalent in developing countries. 

 Amoebiasis:

 · It is caused by the E. histolytica and also E. moshkovskii 

 · It is common in the tropical areas with contaminated water. · It can be treated through antibiotics 

Transmission: 

 · Drinking contaminated water

 · Eating uncooked food

Alzheimer 

 Syllabus: GS Paper-3-Science & Technology 

 Why in News?

Second Alzheimer drug can modestly slow patients inevitable worsening. 

 Alzheimer:

· It is a neurological disorder which occurs among the older adults.

 · It causes the brain cells to degenerate and die.

 · It leads to dementia which affects memory. 

 · It affects thinking and behaviour of an individual. 

 Symptoms: 

 · Mood-Swings 

 · Disorientation 

 · Poor Judgement 

 · Confusion 

 · Problem with speaking or writing etc. 

 Treatment: 

 · At present there is no cure for this disease.

 · But there is prevention which includes: 

 · Exercising Brain

 · Developing new hobbies 

 · Learning new languages

 · Solving puzzles etc.

James Webb Space Telescope 

 Syllabus- GS Paper-3-Science & Technology 

 Why in News?

· NASA has released an image obtained by James Webb Space Telescope of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex. 

 James Webb Space Telescope:

· It is a collaboration between the NASA, European Space Agency and the Canadian Space agency.

· It was launched in the year 2021 and reached the destination on Jan 24, 2022.

 · It is the successor to the Hubble telescope.

 · It is placed in the Sun’s orbit which is 1 million kilometres away from the Sun which is called as the second Lagrange Point or L2. 

 · It is known for being the largest and most powerful infrared space telescope ever built.

 · It will work for 10 years 

 · It uses the infrared light which cannot be seen by the human eye to study about the cosmic history

 · The Hubble Telescope uses the ultraviolet wavelengths 

 Mission Goals:

· It observes the formation of stars and also the evolution of galaxies.

 · It measures the planetary systems and investigate for the potential life.

 · It analyses the atmosphere of exoplanets

 · It is aimed to search for the galaxies formed in the early universe. 

 Instruments: 

· It uses the cameras and spectrographs which should be kept very cold to detect the extremely faint heat signals in the universe. 

 · It consists of Primary mirror with 6.5 meters diameter and secondary mirror with 0.7m.

 · It weighs about 6.2 tonnes.

International Energy Agency 

 Syllabus: Prelims-Important Institutions 

 Why in News? 

 · IEA has launched along with Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC) has launched the medium-term market report, titled: IEA Oil 2023. 

 · The report mentions that the growth of the global oil demand is set to slowdown, almost coming to halt by 2028. 

 International Energy Agency: 

 · It is an autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the year 1974.

· Headquarters: Paris, France. 

 · It focusses on 3 E’s. They are: 

 1. Economic Development 

 2. Energy Security

 3. Environmental Protection

 Composition: 

 · There are 30 member countries at present.

 · It also includes eight association countries.

 · The member country must be a member of OECD.

· But all OECD members are not the members of IEA. 

 Eligibility: 

 · The member country must have the following eligibilities to become a member country: 

 · Crude oil or any product reserves equivalent to 90 days of the previous years net imports. 

 · The government should have immediate access and used to address disruptions to global oil supply. 

 · A demand condition programme to reduce the consumption of national oil by 10%.

· There should be a legislation and organization to operate the Co-ordinated Emergency Response Measures (CERM) on the national basis.

 · There should be a legislation that all oil companies under its jurisdiction report information upon request 

 Reports released by IEA: 

 · World Energy Outlook 

 · World Energy Statistics 

 · World Energy Balances

 · Global Energy & CO2 Status report

Export Preparedness Index

Syllabus: Prelims-Important Reports 

 Why in News? 

 The third edition of the Export Preparedness Index 2022 for States/UTs. 

 Export Preparedness Index: 

· It is released by the NITI Aayog.

 · It is a comprehensive tool to assess the export preparedness of the states and UTs.

 · Its main aim is to identify challenges and opportunities for the exports. 

 · It enhances the effectiveness of government policies. 

 · It promotes a regulatory framework for the exports. 

 · It evaluates the performance of the states by using four pillars. 

 · They are: 

 1. Policy Pillar-It evaluates states and UTs performance based on its adoption of export related policy ecosystem.

 2. Business ecosystem-It assesses the prevailing business environment in a state/UT.

 3. Export ecosystem-It focusses on the export related infrastructure in a state and also the prevalence of the Research and development in the state.

 4. Export Performance-It is an output based indicator which gauges the growth of a state’s export ·

 These 4 pillars are further based on 10 sub pillars such as: 

 · Export Promotion Policy, Business Environment, Infrastructure, Transport, Trade support etc. 

 Important Points:

· The top 5 states/UTs in the Export Preparedness Index 2022 are: 

 1. Tamil Nadu 2. Maharashtra 3. Karnataka 4. Gujarat 5. Haryana

PM-MITRA 

 Syllabus: Prelims-Important Policies 

 Why in News?

Prime Minister of India has said that the PM-MITRA mega textile park will bolster productivity and generate many employment opportunities.

 PM-MITRA:

· It stands for Prime Minister Mega Integrated Textile Regions and Apparel 

 · It was introduced in the year 2021.

· It works under the Ministry of Textiles. 

 · It is owned by the Central and State Government in a Public Private Partnership Mode

· Every MITRA park have an incubation centre, common processing house and a common effluent treatment plant.

 · It is inspired by the 5F Vision which includes Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign 

 Implementation:

· The Ministry of Textiles provides the financial support to MITRA Park in the form of Development Capital Support up to 500 crores per park. 

 · The Competitive Incentive Support is provided to each park up to 300 crores

Significance:

· It reduces the logistics cost

 · It strengthens the value chain of the Textile sector 

 · It can generate employment for about 20 lakh people. 

 · It plays an important role in attracting Foreign Direct Investment. 

 · It improves the competitiveness of the country’s textile sector

Questions

1.Consider the following statements regarding Miyas:

 Statement-I: They are Muslim Migrants from Bangladesh to Assam

 Statement-II: They had migrated for the first time during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.

 Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? 

 a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. 

 b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. 

 c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect 

 d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.

2.Consider the following countries:

 1. India 

 2. United Kingdom 

 3. United States of America 

 How many of the above countries are part of CPTPP?

 a) Only One

 b) Only two 

 c) Only three 

 d) None

3.Consider the following statements regarding Entamoeba moshkovskii: 

 Statement-I: It causes diarrhoea and also amoebiasis

 Statement-II: It does not infect humans 

 Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? 

 a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. 

 b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.

 c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect 

 d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.

4.Consider the following statements regarding Alzheimer: 

 Statement-I: It is a neurological disorder which occurs among the older adults

 Statement-II: At present there is no cure for this disease. 

 Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? 

 a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. 

 b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.

 c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect 

 d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.

5.Consider the following statements regarding James Webb Telescope: 

 Statement-I: Webb Telescope uses infrared light whereas the Hubble Telescope uses the ultraviolet wavelengths

 Statement-II: Webb Telescope will work for 20 years 

 Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? 

 a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. 

 b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. 

 c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

 d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.

6.Consider the following statements regarding International Energy Agency:

 1. It is an autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the year 1972. 

 2. The member country of IEA must be a member of OECD. 

 3. There are 20 member countries at present. 

 How many of the above statements are incorrect? 

 a) Only One 

 b) Only two

 c) Only three

 d) None

7.Consider the following statements regarding Export Preparedness Index: 

 1. It is released by the Ministry of Finance 

 2. It uses 5 pillars to evaluate the performance of the states 

 3. Gujarat has topped in the Export Preparedness Index 2022 

 How many of the above statements are correct? 

 a) Only One 

 b) Only two 

 c) Only three

 d) None

8.Consider the following statements regarding PM-MITRA scheme: 

 Statement-I: It was introduced in the year 2020.

 Statement-II: It is owned by the Central and State Government in a Public Private Partnership Mode 

 Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? 

 a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. 

 b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. 

 c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect 

 d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.

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